Topic for Heart Health?

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and include:--

* Coronary heart disease – disease of the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle

* Cerebrovascular disease - disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain

* Peripheral arterial disease – disease of blood vessels supplying the arms and legs

* Rheumatic heart disease – damage to the heart muscle and heart valves from rheumatic fever, caused by streptococcal bacteria

* Congenital heart disease - malformations of heart structure existing at birth

* Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism – blood clots in the leg veins, which can dislodge and move to the heart and lungs.

Heart disease and stroke can be prevented through healthy diet, regular physical activity and avoiding tobacco smoke. Individuals can reduce their risk of CVDs by engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding tobacco use and second-hand tobacco smoke, choosing a diet rich in fruit and vegetables and avoiding foods that are high in fat, sugar and salt, and maintaining a healthy body weight.

A healthy diet and lifestyle can reduce your risk of:--

* Heart disease, heart attacks, and stroke

* Conditions that lead to heart disease, including high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and obesity

* Other chronic health problems, including type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and some forms of cancer.

Eat a low-cholesterol, low-fat diet, which includes cottage cheese, fat-free milk, fish, vegetables, poultry, and egg whites. Use monounsaturated oils such as olive, peanut, and canola oils or polyunsaturated oils such as corn, safflower, soy, sunflower, cottonseed, and soybean oils. Avoid foods with excess fat in them such as meat (especially liver and fatty meat), egg yolks, whole milk, cream, butter, shortening, pastries, cakes, cookies, gravy, peanut butter, chocolate, olives, potato chips, coconut, cheese (other than cottage cheese), coconut oil, palm oil, and fried foods.

The beneficial effect of exercise on the cardiovascular system is well documented. There is a direct relation between physical inactivity and cardiovascular mortality, and physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease.

1

2

Fruits are developed from the ovary in the base of the flower, and contain the seeds of the plant.

That they are good for health, however if you are asking which is better for diet in this instance all vegetables would do well

Multiple Choice Quiz

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Results Reporter

Out of 15 questions, you answered 15 correctly with a final grade of 100%

15 correct (100%)

0 incorrect (0%)

0 unanswered (0%)

Your Results:

The correct answer for each question is indicated by a This is the correct answer..

1 CORRECT

What is the term for the accumulation of plaque on the inner walls of arteries?

A) atherosclerosis

B) hyperlipidemia

C) peripheral vascular disease

D) cholesterol

E) angina

Feedback: Page 287. Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) in which fatty patches accumulate under the lining of coronary arteries or arteries in other places in the body. This buildup is called plaque.

2 CORRECT

Which of the following lipoproteins seems to have the ability to clear away plaque in arteries?

A) high-density lipoprotein

B) medium-density lipoprotein

C) low-density lipoprotein

D) ATP

E) homocysteine-lipoprotein

Feedback: Page 296. It is thought high-density lipoprotein (HDL) acts as a garbage collector in clearing away plaque and other debris as it flows through the bloodstream to the liver to be excreted from the body.

3 CORRECT

The majority of deaths are due to which particular heart disease?

A) congestive heart failure

B) congenital heart defects

C) coronary heart disease

D) stroke

E) none of the above

Feedback: Page 285. Figure 9-2. Coronary heart disease, the most prevalent form of CVD (cardiovascular disease), is still the single largest killer of American men and women (about one of every five deaths, or 52% of all cardiovascular diseases).

4 CORRECT

The following are warning signs of a stroke except

A) Sudden trouble walking

B) Sudden confusion

C) Sudden numbness, especially on one side of the body

D) Sudden severe headaches with no known cause

E) Sudden chest pain

Feedback: Page 288-289. A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted either by a blockage or by a burst blood vessel. Most common warning signs of stroke include sudden numbness or weakness of face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body; sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding; sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes; sudden trouble walking, sudden dizziness, loss of balance or coordination.

5 CORRECT

What is the primary cause of a myocardial infarction?

A) high blood pressure

B) a coronary blockage

C) weakness in the heart muscle

D) a blood clot in the brain

E) cigarette smoking

Feedback: Page 288. Myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack, results when one or more of the coronary arteries is partially blocked by atherosclerotic deposits called plaque. Plaque blisters can rupture, causing a blood clot (thrombus) to form, which chokes off the supply of blood to the heart muscle.

6 CORRECT

Which of the following is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

A) Inactivity

B) Stress

C) C-reactive protein

D) homocysteine

E) Metabolic syndrome

Feedback: Page 290. Risk factors are the conditions, situations, and behaviors that increase the likelihood that an undesirable outcome will occur. Primary risk factors are linked directly to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Most primary risk factors are controllable. All of the above answers, except (a) are secondary risk factors. Secondary risk factors contribute to the development of CVD, but not as directly as the primary risk factors do.

7 CORRECT

Which of the following is considered a secondary risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

A) Obesity

B) Race

C) High blood pressure

D) High cholesterol and triglycerides

E) Homocysteine

Feedback: Page 290. Risk factors are the conditions, situations, and behaviors that increase the likelihood that an undesirable outcome will occur. Primary risk factors are linked directly to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Most primary risk factors are controllable. All of the above answers, except (e) are primary risk factors. Secondary risk factors contribute to the development of CVD, but not as directly as the primary risk factors do.

8 CORRECT

What dietary factors have a positive influence on homocysteine levels in the blood?

A) high protein diets/folic acid consumption

B) vitamin B and C consumption

C) folic acid/vitamins B6 and B12 consumption

D) green leafy vegetables/protein consumption

E) fortified cereal and grains/yogurt consumption

Feedback: Page 308. Homocysteine is an amino acid in the blood and a natural by-product of protein metabolism. Too much homocysteine in the blood is related to a higher risk of CHD, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and cognitive decline. A high homocysteine level is considered to be a risk factor for CVD. The dietary components with the greatest positive effects are folic acid and vitamins B6 and B12. Folic acid and the B vitamins help break down homocysteine and thus lower concentrations in the blood.

9 CORRECT

Which of the following increase the possibility of having a heart attack and stroke?

A) metabolic syndrome

B) high homocysteine levels

C) high C-reactive protein level

D) diabetes

E) All of the above

Feedback: Page 290. All of the above factors increase the risk of developing a cardiovascular disease (CVD), which increases the risk of having a heart attack and stroke. Primary risk factors include inactivity; high blood pressure; high blood lipid level (cholesterol); cigarette smoking; obesity; diabetes; race; gender; age; response to stress; metabolic syndrome; c-reactive protein level; and homocysteine.

10 CORRECT

Which lifestyle changes can help people with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes control their glucose levels?

A) regular moderate exercise

B) losing weight (5 percent to 7 percent of their body weight)

C) stopping smoking

D) eating a high-fiber diet

E) All of the above

Feedback: Page 302. The lifestyle changes mentioned above, in addition to eating a diet low in simple carbohydrates, can improve insulin resistance; they may also help improve the associated HDL, triglyceride, and blood pressure problems.

11 CORRECT

CVD is the second leading cause of death for U.S. women.

A) True

B) False

Feedback: Page 285. Coronary heart disease, the most prevalent form of CVD, is still the largest killer of American men and women (about one of every five deaths).

12 CORRECT

Atherosclerosis is a condition which commonly begins around the age of thirty.

A) True

B) False

Feedback: Page 288. Atherosclerosis, a major cause of CVD, coronary heart disease, and stroke, does not suddenly develop at age 30 or 65. It is a long, progressive process beginning in childhood.

13 CORRECT

HDL is protective because it transports cholesterol away from the artery walls and back to the liver.

A) True

B) False

Feedback: Page 296. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) carries cholesterol from the blood back to the liver where it is broken down for elimination from the body or sent out again as needed. It is thought that HDL acts as a garbage collector in clearing away plaque and other debris as it flows through the bloodstream to the liver to be excreted from the body.

14 CORRECT

Metabolic syndrome is also known as syndrome X.

A) True

B) False

Feedback: Page 307. Metabolic syndrome--also known as syndrome X, insulin-resistance syndrome and prediabetes syndrome—is a dangerous cluster of symptoms that raise the risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes and some cancers.

15 CORRECT

A blood pressure of 120/80 was once considered normal but is now labeled prehypertension, and treatment is recommended.

A) True

B) False

Feedback: Page 292. Hypertension nearly triples CVD risk for men and doubles it for women. Also, CVD risk doubles with each 20/20 mmHG measure over 119/79.

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